Realism in Pre-Progressive Movement Urdu Short Stories

Abstract

The tradition of realism in Urdu Fiction has existed almost since its very beginning, and evidence of its presence can be found in every literary period. Some less perceptive critics associate it solely with the Progressive Writers’ Movement, which is not entirely correct. Although realism developed more rapidly and expanded during that period, it did not originate there. Some scholars believe that Sajjad Haider Yildrim was the founder of this trend in Urdu literature, while others consider Premchand to be the first writer to employ this style. However, according to recent research, Allama Rashid-ul-Khairi is regarded as the first fiction writer of Urdu. His story titled “Khadija aur Naseer” was published in 1903 in the literary journal Makhzan.There are several writers who display the romantic temperament of Sajjad Haider Yildrim, while others are dominated by a realist tendency similar to that of Premchand. In the early period of the Urdu short story, Premchand sought a direct connection with life through a broad, universal consciousness. He discovered a level of experience that was both universal and regional, and artistically enduring namely, human nature, which differs between the oppressed classes and the ruling elite. Premchand remained very close to the earthy fragrance of the soil. He used his short stories to depict everyday objects and the simple, natural contours of society. Therefore, his impressions of character are very clear and vivid.